Apologies for the delay in getting Project #12 up. I had hoped to have it completed a few weeks ago but some travel, a couple of other projects and work commitments all conspired against getting it finished.
It's a simple project, a hooded cloak, but try as I might I cannot get the hood to sit right. I thought I had it solved, but then I just realised that patterns later in the book that use the same hood contradict my solution. Aaargh! So I'm going to rework it (yet again) and then I should hopefully have it up within the week.
Monday 8 December 2014
Saturday 1 November 2014
Project #11. F.13a - "Another pattern for a silk doublet, from open silk".
This is my first reconstruction of a men's pattern from Alcega's tailor's pattern book, a men's doublet with a characteristic 'peascod' belly made from silk. It's the second of all the patterns in the book, the first being an almost identical doublet laid out for silk which has been folded lengthways instead of crosswise as in this version. (The variations relate to a small change in the sleeve and the piecing required to construct the doublet.)
Before I could make a start I had to make a pair of mannequin arms for my dummy, in order to have him fill out his doublet properly. After this project I think I might revisit them however, perhaps by pulling out some of the stuffing, because as it turned out I made him a bit too much of a muscle man in the arm department. Just getting the doublet on and off turned into a chore, so I think I need to slim him down a bit.
I've heard a few different theories as to how the peascod belly became a fashion, but one which seems logical and resonates with me is that the shape is derived from the silhouette of the armour of the time. Most breastplates had a central ridge, in order to create two angled surfaces that would aim to deflect a face-on thrust sideways into a glancing blow. Armour with this shape seems to predate the fashion in doublets, so I don't think it is a trend that began in the reverse.
With modern eyes we may not see the slim waisted and peascod belly shape as masculine, but if it was a shape that was associated with armour, with fighting prowess, power and all the masculine associations that brings, then it starts to make more sense. It also has the effect of enhancing and highlighting the slimness of the waist, and therefore the broadness of the shoulders.
Fabric
Alcega states that this doublet requires a length of silk fabric 3 ells long x 2/3rds of an ell wide, or 252cm (approx 8' 3 1/4") long x 56cm (approx 22") wide. The fabric is 'open' in that it is laid out full width, with a crosswise fold on the left hand side.
Some mathematics and dimensions
The dimensions of the doublet patterns in f.13 and f.13a in the book have some points of similarity with the women's doublets. The length of the doublet front is QQQ or 3/4 of an ell (63cm or approx 2' 3/4"), the doublet back length is "m" or 1/2 an ell (42cm or approx 16 1/2") and the shoulder width, front neck opening and front collar piece are all "s" or 1/6 of an ell (14cm or approx 5 1/2"). The rest of the dimensions vary a little:
Doublet back
The half of the doublet back width across the shoulders is "Qi" or 1/4 + 1/48 of an ell (22.75cm or approx 8 1/2"), and given that we know the shoulder seam is "s" it must make the unmarked width of the half of the collar back 7.75cm (or approx 3"). The bottom waist measurement is "Sij" or 1/6 + 1/24 of an ell (17.5cm or a little over 6 3/4"). The width across the back from the bottom of the arm scye is "ijt" or 1/3 - 1/24 of an ell (24.5cm or approx 9 5/8"). There are no measurements given for the back of the arm hole or the side seam.
Doublet front
The doublet front measures "ijm" across at the point under the bottom of the arm scye, which is 1/2 - 1/24 of an ell (38.5cm or approx 15 1/8"). The curving edge at the doublet waist from the bottom of the side seam to the low point of the peascod is "t" or 1/3 of an ell (28cm or approx 11"). As per the back, there is no measurement given for the arm hole or side seam. (The total arm hole dimension is most likely 56cm (approx 22"), as this is the size of the top edge of the assembled sleeve).
Sleeves
The sleeve length is "sb" or 5/6 of an ell (70cm or approx 27 1/2"), and the sleeve top edge is "t" or 1/3 of an ell (28cm or approx 11"). The wrist opening edge is "o" or 1/8 of an ell (10.5cm or just over 4"). There is no shaping of the sleeve head in this pattern.
I should mention that pattern f13 is laid out for a long narrow folded piece of silk, and uses a piecing in the side of the doublet to achieve the right width and the sweeping curve of the side seam. It also (unusually) scoops out a very small scye for the underarm on one of the sleeve pieces, which coincidentally also allows the sleeve piece to fit snugly up against another pattern piece.
Developing the pattern
The pattern has a few features worth noting, firstly the very square shape of the shoulder on the back piece and the very sloping angle of the shoulder seam on the front. What this does is angle the shoulder seam towards the front of the doublet, so that instead of following the top line of the shoulder (as on the sloper) it angles forward from the neck to a point near the top of the arm. You see this in many doublet patterns of the period, and it's quite clever in that the fabric of the back shoulder is taking most of the stress instead the stress being placed on the seam.
The second point is the shape of the doublet front, which begins to curve outwards gently from a point a little under the neckline and culminates in the larger curve at the bottom. This means there is a small amount of extra room across the chest, and the doublet swells outwards until it reaches the extreme at around the natural waistline, and then curves back under to meet the bottom of the doublet at about an 80 degree angle (or so).
The third point is the high shape of the arm hole and the very angled side seam which wraps around towards the back of the doublet.
As soon as I looked at this pattern I was a little stumped by the width across the torso under the arm. Adding up the widths I got a super generous 126cm, or over 49 1/2" around the chest. I checked the rest of the dimensions against the measurements of my mannequin, and the sloper I made previously, and everything else checked out fine bar this one element. Because the side seam on the front angles back at quite an extreme angle, where the top of the seam joins the widest part of back piece under the arm hole
So I drafted the pattern as drawn anyway, and then tested the dimensions out as I assembled it... and the fit was well off. As I suspected all of the elements fit well until it got to the arm hole and the side seam. The side seam fit perfectly at the waist, but I had a huge mess of fabric at the top of the seam under the armpit, and the arm hole was incredibly high. I checked my measurements for the doublet back, thinking that my draft of the back armhole might have been off, and that it had to be narrower to allow for the front piece to wrap further towards the back. But, nope.
I then did something I haven't had to do yet (except for minor fit tweaks) and I modified the pattern shapes to get a better fit. You can see above that I reduced the angle of the side seam on the front by quite a bit, and by a smaller degree on the back. Bringing this in had the end result of reducing the size of the arm hole, so then I dropped the bottom of the arm scye front and back and scooped out a little more of a curve on the front as it was bunching at the front of the armhole, all the time carefully measuring and remeasuring to make sure that the end result would still equal the size of the top of the sleeve head. This also meant that I ended up with quite a short side seam, but the length of the doublet was still ok, and sat just a smidge above the natural waist.
I rechecked the fit and this modification still left a little extra at the top of the side seams under the arm, but to a degree that would allow for movement without resulting in a disastrously sloppy fit. I decided to leave it as I didn't want to alter the spirit of the pattern any further. (See the doublet back picture below.)
Putting it together
This doublet layout has a centre back seam on the doublet, so I first sewed the two pack halves together to make the doublet back.
I've found from experience that making a doublet that has the back of the collar cut as one with the doublet is much easier if you first attach the front collar pieces to each of the doublet fronts. That way you can then sew across the shoulder seam and up the side of the collar as one seam with a sharp angled curve in it. Once I had attached the collar pieces, I sewed the front side seams to the back piece and then closed the shoulder/collar seams as mentioned above.
At this point I also improved the fit of the back neck and collar by taking a crescent shaped dart across the back of the neck as I discussed in Project #2.
I then sewed the halves of each sleeve together, and inset them into the armhole. I rotated the sleeve as we have done in other patterns, so that the curving inner seam laid along the inside of the arm and the back seam joined the doublet back roughly in line with the shoulder blades, allowing for maximum range of movement. I left the back seam open a little at the wrists as I thought I would have trouble getting the cubby arms into the sleeves (and I was right!). If making this full sized I would also do this to allow for a nice snug wrist, and button or hook and eye closures.
Once that was done I turned under all the raw edges and sewed them down to complete the doublet, and then whipstitched the front closed in lieu of tiny buttons, or hooks and eyes.
Look upon your pouchy doublet front and try not to be discouraged at this point.
Janet Arnold and others who have had the good fortune to examine extant doublets have looked at the complex ways the understructure of these doublets were constructed to form the shape of the peascod, and still allow the doublet to open at the front. In a nutshell, two mirror image belly pieces are built up with layers of pad stitched linen or felt, padded, then shaped and formed until two sort of wedge shaped almost hemispheres are inserted behind the doublet fronts. They are also built up in such a way that they create the raised centre line characteristic of the style (as you can see in the portrait and armour pictures above). What you are aiming for is not just a rounded belly, but that characteristic shape.
I couldn't wrap my head around the complexity of trying to achieve that at this scale, and really my aim here anyway is to explore the pattern shapes rather than go into too much intricacy of period construction techniques. [If you just spotted a cop out, then well done you.] Soooo, I elected to simply place stuffing inside the doublet to fill out the shape on the mannequin and see how the fit turned out.
I wasn't even sure the shape was going to work until I started padding it, but voila it filled out nicely.
With a carefully shaped understructure I can see how the fit would be slightly improved, but I think this demonstrates how the pattern works. The sleeve fit isn't great in the pic above, but that's more than partly the fault of the chubby and poorly bendable arms I made for the mannequin.
If I was making this up full sized I would also probably cut away a bit at the sleeve fabric in the underarm to get rid of some the fabric bulk and creasing. With the addition of small waist tabs, buttons and appropriate trims I think this would make a useful and attractive doublet pattern. (Especially for a slim gentleman with a little less width through the waist and, ahem, natural peascod shape such as me...)
The next pattern I'll be tackling is one of a long series of men's hooded "Cloak of cloth" patterns in the book.
Before I could make a start I had to make a pair of mannequin arms for my dummy, in order to have him fill out his doublet properly. After this project I think I might revisit them however, perhaps by pulling out some of the stuffing, because as it turned out I made him a bit too much of a muscle man in the arm department. Just getting the doublet on and off turned into a chore, so I think I need to slim him down a bit.
 |
| Charles II, Archduke of Austria by monogrammist "LP", 1569. |
I've heard a few different theories as to how the peascod belly became a fashion, but one which seems logical and resonates with me is that the shape is derived from the silhouette of the armour of the time. Most breastplates had a central ridge, in order to create two angled surfaces that would aim to deflect a face-on thrust sideways into a glancing blow. Armour with this shape seems to predate the fashion in doublets, so I don't think it is a trend that began in the reverse.
 |
| The "Flower-Pattern Armour" of Philip II of Spain, made in Augsburg, Germany, c. 1550. Patrimonio Nacional, Real Armería, Madrid |
With modern eyes we may not see the slim waisted and peascod belly shape as masculine, but if it was a shape that was associated with armour, with fighting prowess, power and all the masculine associations that brings, then it starts to make more sense. It also has the effect of enhancing and highlighting the slimness of the waist, and therefore the broadness of the shoulders.
Fabric
Alcega states that this doublet requires a length of silk fabric 3 ells long x 2/3rds of an ell wide, or 252cm (approx 8' 3 1/4") long x 56cm (approx 22") wide. The fabric is 'open' in that it is laid out full width, with a crosswise fold on the left hand side.
Some mathematics and dimensions
The dimensions of the doublet patterns in f.13 and f.13a in the book have some points of similarity with the women's doublets. The length of the doublet front is QQQ or 3/4 of an ell (63cm or approx 2' 3/4"), the doublet back length is "m" or 1/2 an ell (42cm or approx 16 1/2") and the shoulder width, front neck opening and front collar piece are all "s" or 1/6 of an ell (14cm or approx 5 1/2"). The rest of the dimensions vary a little:
Doublet back
The half of the doublet back width across the shoulders is "Qi" or 1/4 + 1/48 of an ell (22.75cm or approx 8 1/2"), and given that we know the shoulder seam is "s" it must make the unmarked width of the half of the collar back 7.75cm (or approx 3"). The bottom waist measurement is "Sij" or 1/6 + 1/24 of an ell (17.5cm or a little over 6 3/4"). The width across the back from the bottom of the arm scye is "ijt" or 1/3 - 1/24 of an ell (24.5cm or approx 9 5/8"). There are no measurements given for the back of the arm hole or the side seam.
Doublet front
The doublet front measures "ijm" across at the point under the bottom of the arm scye, which is 1/2 - 1/24 of an ell (38.5cm or approx 15 1/8"). The curving edge at the doublet waist from the bottom of the side seam to the low point of the peascod is "t" or 1/3 of an ell (28cm or approx 11"). As per the back, there is no measurement given for the arm hole or side seam. (The total arm hole dimension is most likely 56cm (approx 22"), as this is the size of the top edge of the assembled sleeve).
Sleeves
The sleeve length is "sb" or 5/6 of an ell (70cm or approx 27 1/2"), and the sleeve top edge is "t" or 1/3 of an ell (28cm or approx 11"). The wrist opening edge is "o" or 1/8 of an ell (10.5cm or just over 4"). There is no shaping of the sleeve head in this pattern.
I should mention that pattern f13 is laid out for a long narrow folded piece of silk, and uses a piecing in the side of the doublet to achieve the right width and the sweeping curve of the side seam. It also (unusually) scoops out a very small scye for the underarm on one of the sleeve pieces, which coincidentally also allows the sleeve piece to fit snugly up against another pattern piece.
Developing the pattern
The pattern has a few features worth noting, firstly the very square shape of the shoulder on the back piece and the very sloping angle of the shoulder seam on the front. What this does is angle the shoulder seam towards the front of the doublet, so that instead of following the top line of the shoulder (as on the sloper) it angles forward from the neck to a point near the top of the arm. You see this in many doublet patterns of the period, and it's quite clever in that the fabric of the back shoulder is taking most of the stress instead the stress being placed on the seam.
The second point is the shape of the doublet front, which begins to curve outwards gently from a point a little under the neckline and culminates in the larger curve at the bottom. This means there is a small amount of extra room across the chest, and the doublet swells outwards until it reaches the extreme at around the natural waistline, and then curves back under to meet the bottom of the doublet at about an 80 degree angle (or so).
The third point is the high shape of the arm hole and the very angled side seam which wraps around towards the back of the doublet.
 |
| Doublet pattern - original draft. Click to enlarge. |
As soon as I looked at this pattern I was a little stumped by the width across the torso under the arm. Adding up the widths I got a super generous 126cm, or over 49 1/2" around the chest. I checked the rest of the dimensions against the measurements of my mannequin, and the sloper I made previously, and everything else checked out fine bar this one element. Because the side seam on the front angles back at quite an extreme angle, where the top of the seam joins the widest part of back piece under the arm hole
So I drafted the pattern as drawn anyway, and then tested the dimensions out as I assembled it... and the fit was well off. As I suspected all of the elements fit well until it got to the arm hole and the side seam. The side seam fit perfectly at the waist, but I had a huge mess of fabric at the top of the seam under the armpit, and the arm hole was incredibly high. I checked my measurements for the doublet back, thinking that my draft of the back armhole might have been off, and that it had to be narrower to allow for the front piece to wrap further towards the back. But, nope.
 |
| Doublet pattern - after side seam and arm hole revision. Click to enlarge. |
I then did something I haven't had to do yet (except for minor fit tweaks) and I modified the pattern shapes to get a better fit. You can see above that I reduced the angle of the side seam on the front by quite a bit, and by a smaller degree on the back. Bringing this in had the end result of reducing the size of the arm hole, so then I dropped the bottom of the arm scye front and back and scooped out a little more of a curve on the front as it was bunching at the front of the armhole, all the time carefully measuring and remeasuring to make sure that the end result would still equal the size of the top of the sleeve head. This also meant that I ended up with quite a short side seam, but the length of the doublet was still ok, and sat just a smidge above the natural waist.
I rechecked the fit and this modification still left a little extra at the top of the side seams under the arm, but to a degree that would allow for movement without resulting in a disastrously sloppy fit. I decided to leave it as I didn't want to alter the spirit of the pattern any further. (See the doublet back picture below.)
This doublet layout has a centre back seam on the doublet, so I first sewed the two pack halves together to make the doublet back.
I've found from experience that making a doublet that has the back of the collar cut as one with the doublet is much easier if you first attach the front collar pieces to each of the doublet fronts. That way you can then sew across the shoulder seam and up the side of the collar as one seam with a sharp angled curve in it. Once I had attached the collar pieces, I sewed the front side seams to the back piece and then closed the shoulder/collar seams as mentioned above.
 |
| Completed doublet back. Click to enlarge. |
At this point I also improved the fit of the back neck and collar by taking a crescent shaped dart across the back of the neck as I discussed in Project #2.
I then sewed the halves of each sleeve together, and inset them into the armhole. I rotated the sleeve as we have done in other patterns, so that the curving inner seam laid along the inside of the arm and the back seam joined the doublet back roughly in line with the shoulder blades, allowing for maximum range of movement. I left the back seam open a little at the wrists as I thought I would have trouble getting the cubby arms into the sleeves (and I was right!). If making this full sized I would also do this to allow for a nice snug wrist, and button or hook and eye closures.
Once that was done I turned under all the raw edges and sewed them down to complete the doublet, and then whipstitched the front closed in lieu of tiny buttons, or hooks and eyes.
 |
| Completed doublet front before padding. Click to enlarge. |
Look upon your pouchy doublet front and try not to be discouraged at this point.
Janet Arnold and others who have had the good fortune to examine extant doublets have looked at the complex ways the understructure of these doublets were constructed to form the shape of the peascod, and still allow the doublet to open at the front. In a nutshell, two mirror image belly pieces are built up with layers of pad stitched linen or felt, padded, then shaped and formed until two sort of wedge shaped almost hemispheres are inserted behind the doublet fronts. They are also built up in such a way that they create the raised centre line characteristic of the style (as you can see in the portrait and armour pictures above). What you are aiming for is not just a rounded belly, but that characteristic shape.
I couldn't wrap my head around the complexity of trying to achieve that at this scale, and really my aim here anyway is to explore the pattern shapes rather than go into too much intricacy of period construction techniques. [If you just spotted a cop out, then well done you.] Soooo, I elected to simply place stuffing inside the doublet to fill out the shape on the mannequin and see how the fit turned out.
I wasn't even sure the shape was going to work until I started padding it, but voila it filled out nicely.
 |
| Completed doublet side. Click to enlarge. |
 |
| Completed doublet front. Click to enlarge. |
If I was making this up full sized I would also probably cut away a bit at the sleeve fabric in the underarm to get rid of some the fabric bulk and creasing. With the addition of small waist tabs, buttons and appropriate trims I think this would make a useful and attractive doublet pattern. (Especially for a slim gentleman with a little less width through the waist and, ahem, natural peascod shape such as me...)
The next pattern I'll be tackling is one of a long series of men's hooded "Cloak of cloth" patterns in the book.
Sunday 12 October 2014
Drafting The Male Sloper
Isn't he a little beaut? Beautifully made and compared to my little 1/3rd female mannequin he looks positively gigantic. Well not quite, but definitely a bit larger scale than I have been working in.
 |
| Click to enlarge. |
One of the benefits of drafting a male sloper is that the male form has considerably fewer lumps and bumps than a female form. It's therefore easier to draft the flat pattern shapes required, and no troublesome bust darts to try and remove. As with the female sloper, I did this by draping straight onto the form.
When I was first learning to drape on the stand (whether full-sized, half sized or one third sized) I found a lot of value in the youtube tutorials by tailor Sten Martin Jonsson. I'd suggest these videos as a good starting point if you are interested in learning the basic techniques.
I then trimmed the excess away from the side, and clipped into the fabric around the neckline so that I could lay the back as smoothly over the shoulder as possible. After I'd marked the shoulder seam on this, I smoothed the front over the shoulder and trimmed and folded under the excess until I could line it up with the shoulder seam. During this process of establishing the shoulder seam it's important to keep smoothing and adjusting the fabric over the shoulder so that not too much excess ends up in the armhole or the neckline, so that neither gapes.
All I had to do then was mark around the armhole and the neckline and the main work was essentially done.
 |
| Establishing the shoulder seam and armhole. Click to enlarge. |
Once all the seamlines are marked, including the folded edges of the centre front and back, it's an easy matter to unpin the pieces and lay them flat. I then use a straight edge or curved ruler to smooth out any wonky lines and the finished sloper pattern is complete.
A sloper doesn't have any ease, so it's important to get all the seam placements and sizing right. Once I had cut the pieces with seam allowance I sewed them together and made some minor tweaks to the armhole shape.
I still might tweak the armhole a little further because I think it's a little too round and the front of the armhole probably needs to be cut away a bit towards the bottom. However, the armholes in the patterns are a little different from a modern armhole in shape so it may not matter that much at this stage.
I also deliberately cut the sloper with a slightly raised waist more in line with the shape of the final doublet patterns. It's a fairly easy matter to drop or raise the waist line slightly as the pattern calls for it. I probably also need to make some arms for this guy so he can hill out his doublets properly...
Now that I have the sloper drafted, the next pattern I'll be tackling is the first men's pattern (and also the first of all the patterns in the book) which is f.13/f.13a, a man's doublet. It bears many similarities with the woman's doublet f.14/f.14a from Project #2, but has a curving padded 'peascod' belly.
Monday 6 October 2014
Progress Review - Women's Patterns
I'm moving on to the men's patterns now so I thought it would be useful to do another progress review of the women's garments I have constructed so far, and how they sit in terms of the large amount of patterns in the book. The patterns I've constructed are highlighted in red and I've tried to give a quick precis of how each of the other patterns relate to those.
As I've mentioned previously Alcega gives a number of variations of almost all of the patterns in the books, laid out for different fabric widths and sometimes in alternate sizes. Generally they are grouped together, but sometimes the book jumps forwards and backwards. It's a little confusing but hopefully the notes will give some idea of the relationships involved. (Also, the translations of the titles of the patterns are sometimes a bit misleading, just to make things easier for us all.)
~ f.13-f13a are the first patterns in the book and are for a man's doublet ~
f.14 - "Silk doublet for a woman"
A close fitting doublet with a high collar and low pointed front, see Project #2
f.14a - "Silk doublet for a woman, from open silk"
(Repeat of f.14, same size pattern and fabric but with an alternate layout.)
~ f.15-f54a - Men's and various specialty use garment patterns ~
f.55 - "Skirt of cloth for a woman"
An underskirt of cloth, see Project #3
f.55a - "Skirt for a woman"
(Repeat of f.55 but with a slightly longer length and the same width of fabric but a mention of nap of the fabric.)
f.56 - "A narrow skirt of cloth"
(Repeat of f.55 with a smaller waist size, using the same width of fabric but a slightly longer piece, and less piecing.)
f.56a - "Skirt of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of f.55 using a longer and very narrow piece of silk fabric with many piecings.)
f.57 - "Skirt of silk for a woman" (Repeat of f.55a using longer and very narrow piece of silk fabric many piecings, and the same length of skirt as f.55a.)
f.57a - "Child's kirtle of silk"
(A child's sized version of f.58)
f.58 - "Kirtle of silk for a woman"
An overskirt of silk, see Project #4
f.58a - "Silk kirtle for a fat woman"
(Repeat of f.58 with larger waist size using a longer piece of silk, and an alternate layout.)
f.59 - "Kirtle and low cut bodice of silk"
(An alternate layout of f.59a, using slightly less fabric and with godet B made from 2 pieces.)
f.59a - "Kirtle and low cut bodice of silk"
A skirt and low cut bodice with shoulder straps, see Project #5
f.60 - "Kirtle and low cut bodice of cloth rash for a woman"
(Repeat of f.59a with slightly different sizing, using a very wide fabric and alternate layout.)
f.60a - "Kirtle of cloth for a fat woman"
(Repeat of 58a with larger waist sizing, using a very wide fabric and a complicated set of piecings to make up the godets.)
f.61 - "Kirtle and low cut bodice of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.59a with slightly different sizing, using a very wide fabric.)
f.61a - "Kirtle of cloth rash"
(Repeat of f.58 with an alternate layout for a very wide fabric.)
f.62 - "Kirtle of cloth rash for a fat woman"
(Repeat of f.58 with a larger waist size and an alternate layout for a very wide fabric.)
f.62a - "Two kirtles of cloth rash cut together"
(An unusual repeat of f.58, using a long piece of fairly wide fabric to cut 2 slightly shorter overskirts at once.)
f.63 - "Skirt and bodice of cloth with puffed sleeves"
An over gown comprised of a long trained skirt and doublet style bodice, with large decorative hanging sleeves that have a curved back, see Project #6
f.63a - "Skirt [with bodice] of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.63 with a shorter train on the skirt, cut from a shorter length of fabric.)
f.64 - "Skirt [with bodice] of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.63 and f.63a but with an even shorter train on the skirt, cut from a shorter length of fabric.)
f.64a - "Laced mourning coat of cloth for a woman"
An over gown comprised of a skirt and doublet style front but with a dramatic 'sack back' style back and large decorative hanging sleeves that have a curved back, see Project #7
f.65 - "laced mourning coat of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of f.64a with an alternate layout for narrow silk fabric.)
f.65a - "Skirt and little jerkin of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of f.63 using the same train length as f.64, but with an alternate layout for narrow silk fabric.)
f.66 - "Skirt and little jerkin of silk"
(Repeat of f.63 using the same train length as f.63a, but with an alternate layout for narrow silk fabric.)
f.66a - "Skirt and little jerkin of silk"
(Repeat of f.63 with a train length that is almost as long as f.63, but with an alternate layout for narrow silk fabric.)
f.67 - "Silk farthingale for a woman"
A hooped underskirt, see Project #1
f.67a - "A gown of baize for a girl"
(Repeat of f.69a sized for a young woman.)
f.68 - "Gown of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a except with a shorter length, and a shorter sleeve length, which would seem to indicate it was designed for a shorter woman. This is the smallest of the adult versions.)
f.68a - "Gown of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a except with a shorter length, and a shorter sleeve length. This is the second to smallest of the adult versions.)
f.69 - "Gown of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a except with a shorter length, and a shorter sleeve length. This is the second to largest of the adult versions.)
f.69a - "Gown of cloth for a woman"
A loose robe or over garment, with large decorative hanging sleeves that have a curved back. This is the largest of the adult versions, and consistent with the sizing of the other garments I've reconstructed. See Project #8
f.70 - "Silk gown for a woman"
(Repeat of the same style robe as in f.69a but using the sizing of f.68 and laid out for narrow silk fabric with different piecings. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown.)
f.70a - "Silk gown for a woman"
(Repeat of the same style robe as in f.69a but using the sizing of f.69 but laid out for narrow silk fabric with different piecings. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown.)
f.71 - "Silk gown for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a but with a narrower hem and laid out for narrow silk fabric with different piecings. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown.)
f.71a - "Silk gown for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a laid out for narrow silk fabric with different piecings. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown. There is also mention of the nap of the fabric in the layout of the godets.)
f.72 - "Gown of damask for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a but with a wider hem and laid out for narrow silk fabric, with different piecings. As the fabric has a directional damask pattern, the robe front and back are laid out in the same direction and mention is made of pattern matching. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown.)
f.72a - "Mantle of serge"
(Repeat of f.73 with a slightly different sizing and therefore shorter piece of fabric.)
f.73 - "Mantle of serge"
A roughly semi-circular wrap style overgarment worn outdoors and for travelling, cut from a medium width fabric. See Project #9
f.73a - "Mantle of kersey for a woman"
(Repeat of f.72a laid out for a slightly narrower fabric.)
f.74 - "Mantle of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of the same type of garment as f.73 but laid out for narrow silk fabric and assembled from 4 parallel strips.)
f.74a - "Mantle of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of the same type of garment as f.73 but laid out for narrow silk fabric and assembled from 4 parallel strips similarly to f.74, but in a smaller size.)
f.75 - "Mantle of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of the same type of garment as f.73 but laid out for narrow silk fabric and assembled from 4 parallel strips similarly to f.74, but in the smallest size of the adult versions.)
f.75a - "Mantle of silk for a girl"
As I've mentioned previously Alcega gives a number of variations of almost all of the patterns in the books, laid out for different fabric widths and sometimes in alternate sizes. Generally they are grouped together, but sometimes the book jumps forwards and backwards. It's a little confusing but hopefully the notes will give some idea of the relationships involved. (Also, the translations of the titles of the patterns are sometimes a bit misleading, just to make things easier for us all.)
~ f.13-f13a are the first patterns in the book and are for a man's doublet ~
f.14 - "Silk doublet for a woman"
A close fitting doublet with a high collar and low pointed front, see Project #2
f.14a - "Silk doublet for a woman, from open silk"
(Repeat of f.14, same size pattern and fabric but with an alternate layout.)
~ f.15-f54a - Men's and various specialty use garment patterns ~
f.55 - "Skirt of cloth for a woman"
An underskirt of cloth, see Project #3
f.55a - "Skirt for a woman"
(Repeat of f.55 but with a slightly longer length and the same width of fabric but a mention of nap of the fabric.)
f.56 - "A narrow skirt of cloth"
(Repeat of f.55 with a smaller waist size, using the same width of fabric but a slightly longer piece, and less piecing.)
f.56a - "Skirt of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of f.55 using a longer and very narrow piece of silk fabric with many piecings.)
f.57 - "Skirt of silk for a woman" (Repeat of f.55a using longer and very narrow piece of silk fabric many piecings, and the same length of skirt as f.55a.)
f.57a - "Child's kirtle of silk"
(A child's sized version of f.58)
f.58 - "Kirtle of silk for a woman"
An overskirt of silk, see Project #4
f.58a - "Silk kirtle for a fat woman"
(Repeat of f.58 with larger waist size using a longer piece of silk, and an alternate layout.)
f.59 - "Kirtle and low cut bodice of silk"
(An alternate layout of f.59a, using slightly less fabric and with godet B made from 2 pieces.)
f.59a - "Kirtle and low cut bodice of silk"
A skirt and low cut bodice with shoulder straps, see Project #5
f.60 - "Kirtle and low cut bodice of cloth rash for a woman"
(Repeat of f.59a with slightly different sizing, using a very wide fabric and alternate layout.)
f.60a - "Kirtle of cloth for a fat woman"
(Repeat of 58a with larger waist sizing, using a very wide fabric and a complicated set of piecings to make up the godets.)
f.61 - "Kirtle and low cut bodice of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.59a with slightly different sizing, using a very wide fabric.)
(Repeat of f.58 with an alternate layout for a very wide fabric.)
f.62 - "Kirtle of cloth rash for a fat woman"
(Repeat of f.58 with a larger waist size and an alternate layout for a very wide fabric.)
(An unusual repeat of f.58, using a long piece of fairly wide fabric to cut 2 slightly shorter overskirts at once.)
f.63 - "Skirt and bodice of cloth with puffed sleeves"
An over gown comprised of a long trained skirt and doublet style bodice, with large decorative hanging sleeves that have a curved back, see Project #6
f.63a - "Skirt [with bodice] of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.63 with a shorter train on the skirt, cut from a shorter length of fabric.)
f.64 - "Skirt [with bodice] of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.63 and f.63a but with an even shorter train on the skirt, cut from a shorter length of fabric.)
An over gown comprised of a skirt and doublet style front but with a dramatic 'sack back' style back and large decorative hanging sleeves that have a curved back, see Project #7
f.65 - "laced mourning coat of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of f.64a with an alternate layout for narrow silk fabric.)
f.65a - "Skirt and little jerkin of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of f.63 using the same train length as f.64, but with an alternate layout for narrow silk fabric.)
f.66 - "Skirt and little jerkin of silk"
(Repeat of f.63 using the same train length as f.63a, but with an alternate layout for narrow silk fabric.)
f.66a - "Skirt and little jerkin of silk"
(Repeat of f.63 with a train length that is almost as long as f.63, but with an alternate layout for narrow silk fabric.)
f.67 - "Silk farthingale for a woman"
A hooped underskirt, see Project #1
f.67a - "A gown of baize for a girl"
(Repeat of f.69a sized for a young woman.)
f.68 - "Gown of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a except with a shorter length, and a shorter sleeve length, which would seem to indicate it was designed for a shorter woman. This is the smallest of the adult versions.)
f.68a - "Gown of cloth for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a except with a shorter length, and a shorter sleeve length. This is the second to smallest of the adult versions.)
(Repeat of f.69a except with a shorter length, and a shorter sleeve length. This is the second to largest of the adult versions.)
A loose robe or over garment, with large decorative hanging sleeves that have a curved back. This is the largest of the adult versions, and consistent with the sizing of the other garments I've reconstructed. See Project #8
f.70 - "Silk gown for a woman"
(Repeat of the same style robe as in f.69a but using the sizing of f.68 and laid out for narrow silk fabric with different piecings. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown.)
f.70a - "Silk gown for a woman"
(Repeat of the same style robe as in f.69a but using the sizing of f.69 but laid out for narrow silk fabric with different piecings. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown.)
(Repeat of f.69a but with a narrower hem and laid out for narrow silk fabric with different piecings. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown.)
(Repeat of f.69a laid out for narrow silk fabric with different piecings. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown. There is also mention of the nap of the fabric in the layout of the godets.)
f.72 - "Gown of damask for a woman"
(Repeat of f.69a but with a wider hem and laid out for narrow silk fabric, with different piecings. As the fabric has a directional damask pattern, the robe front and back are laid out in the same direction and mention is made of pattern matching. Unlike the cloth versions both components of the collar are clearly shown.)
f.72a - "Mantle of serge"
(Repeat of f.73 with a slightly different sizing and therefore shorter piece of fabric.)
f.73 - "Mantle of serge"
A roughly semi-circular wrap style overgarment worn outdoors and for travelling, cut from a medium width fabric. See Project #9
f.73a - "Mantle of kersey for a woman"
(Repeat of f.72a laid out for a slightly narrower fabric.)
f.74 - "Mantle of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of the same type of garment as f.73 but laid out for narrow silk fabric and assembled from 4 parallel strips.)
f.74a - "Mantle of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of the same type of garment as f.73 but laid out for narrow silk fabric and assembled from 4 parallel strips similarly to f.74, but in a smaller size.)
f.75 - "Mantle of silk for a woman"
(Repeat of the same type of garment as f.73 but laid out for narrow silk fabric and assembled from 4 parallel strips similarly to f.74, but in the smallest size of the adult versions.)
(Repeat of the same type of garment as f.73 but in a child's sizing and assembled from 3 parallel strips of narrow silk fabric.)
F.1.1 - f.1.6 are located at the back of the book on a double width fold out page and are the last patterns in the book. They are drawn at a smaller scale and use the full width of the double sized page in order to lay out the pattern, due to the very long lengths of fabric required.
~ f1.1-f.1.4 special use men's patterns ~
f.1.5 - "Woman's skirt and bodice of silk with puffed sleeves"
(Repeat of f.63 but laid out for a very long piece of narrow silk fabric.)
f.1.6 - "Woman's silk skirt and bodice with full-length pointed sleeves"
An over gown comprised of a long trained skirt and doublet style bodice, with large decorative hanging sleeves that angle down to a point. It's very similar to the garment in f.63 but with a different sleeve, and laid out for a very long piece of narrow silk fabric. See Project #10.
Saturday 27 September 2014
Project #10. F1.6 - "Women's silk skirt and bodice with full-length pointed sleeves"
This is Project #10, which is quite similar in style to Project #6 the "Skirt and bodice of cloth with puffed sleeves", but with the exception of long pointed sleeves instead of the curved back sleeve of previous projects.
This pattern is one of a small collection of 6 patterns in the book which are all laid out for the narrow silk fabric but because of the size of the garments are very wide patterns. In order to fit these on the page they have been presented on a double width fold out page, 3 to a side. The scale of the drawings is also a little smaller than the other patterns in the book, and the pages show some damage with folds and tears. Unlike the other patterns in the book they have had minimal cleaning up to make them legible.
Fabric
Alcega states that this garment requires a length of silk fabric 18 2/3 ells long x 2/3 of an ell wide, or 15m 68cm (approx 51' 5 1/4") long x 56cm (approx 22") wide. The fabric is folded crosswise, so the full width of the fabric is used.
Some mathematics and dimensions
Read from left to right the pattern pieces are the skirt front, godet A for the skirt front, godet B for the skirt back, the bodice back, the skirt back, the front side of each sleeve, the back pointed section of each sleeve and the bodice front. The bodice back and fronts are a little hard to see (especially as the front is disappearing into the spine of the book).
I did some minimal tidying up of the pattern a little in photo editing software to try and make it as clear as possible, removing some of the fold marks and drawing in a line over the tear. A few of the codes used to show the sizing are quite hard to read, but can be extrapolated.
Many of the pattern pieces are the same size as in Project #6.
The skirt:
The front of the skirt on the left in the pattern is "bm" or 126cm (approx 4' 1 1/2") long, with a waist of "t" or 28cm (approx 11"). The bottom hem is shown as "b", 1 full ell wide or 84cm (approx 33"). The fabric is only 56cm (approx 22") wide, which means that the bottom edge of godet A must be "t" or 1/3 ell, 28cm (approx 11") wide.
The back skirt waist is "m" or 42cm (approx 16 1/2"), and the full width of the back piece at the hem is achieved with a side piecing godet B, which also takes the full width of the fabric. The back length of the train is "bbb" or 3 ells in total, 252cm (approx 8' 3 1/4") from waist to hem. As the fabric is folded crosswise, there is no centre back or centre front fold and so a seam runs down the centre back of the skirt.
The bodice:
The bodice front and back are tough to see but appear to be identical in dimensions and shape to the doublet from Project #6. The bodice front is "QQQ" or 63cm (approx 2' 1") long, the side seam is "Q" or 21cm long (approx 8 1/4"), and both the shoulder seam and the front neck opening run off the edge of the pattern into the spine of the book but are most likely both "s" or 14cm (approx 5 1/2"). The back waist is also shown as "s", and although the shoulder and back neck opening aren't labelled they are most likely "s" or 14cm (approx 5 1/2") and for the shoulder and "o" or 10.5cm (just over 4") for the back neck opening. (Instead there is one dimension given for the total width across the upper back, "Q" or 21cm long (approx 8 1/4") wide, which is consistent with the other patterns.)
The back length is shown as "m" or 42cm (approx 1' 4 1/2"), and although there is no side seam dimension given on the back, it must be "Q" also in order to match the side seam on the bodice front. There is no specific measurement given for the arm hole, but as in the other doublet and bodice patterns, it can't be larger than the sleeve head or the sleeve will not fit. It is very difficult to see because a fold line runs through the middle of them, but it is also clear from the armhole of the doublet back that there are 8 tabs detailed for the armhole as in Project #6.
The collar:
There is specific mention of cutting the collar from the excess fabric, so although it is not shown in the pattern I'll use the same collar pieces from Project #6.
The sleeves:
Each sleeve is made up of 4 pieces, 2 pieces of each sleeve are detailed in the pattern layout and are cut double as the fabric is folded crosswise. The sleeve head (where it attaches to the armhole) is shown as "Q" or 21cm (approx 8 1/4"). Doubled this makes the sleeve head "m" or 42cm (approx 16 1/2"), the same size as the other sleeves in the previous projects. The front sleeve length from armhole to wrist is "QQQ" or 63cm (approx 2' 1") long, the same as the sleeves in the silk doublet. The sleeves are made up with a godet, godet C. The front edge of the sleeve, from the wrist to the bottom of the point on godet C is "bm" or 126cm (approx 4' 1 1/2") and the back curving edge is "bQQQ" to the point, or 147cm (just under 4' 10").
Developing the pattern
The most unusual and dramatic feature of this gown is the sleeves. I was scratching my head at first as to how they went together, but when you consider the 4 pieces of each sleeve it becomes a little clearer.
I decided to draft the sleeve first and draw one half of it out on a single piece of paper to check the dimensions and curves. One thing I discovered was that unless I changed the angle of the sleeve dramatically from the pattern, I actually couldn't fit the front and back dimensions of "bm" and "bQQQ" on the double width of the fabric.
However, if I continued the front and back edges out slightly further past 2 fabric widths, and drew the sleeve back with a smoother curve, then I could accommodate all the dimensions exactly as written in the pattern. I think there is a small piecing required on the far right which has been omitted from the pattern, and it makes up the sharp point of the sleeve. It also explains why the point of the sleeve looks so cut off in the original pattern above.
The Mystery of the Missing Sleeve Point.
Once I had drafted the sleeves I moved on to the other pattern pieces.
The skirt front is the same as the skirt front in Project #6 and Project #7, with adjustment for the narrower silk fabric. The skirt back is almost the same as the one in Project #6, it's the same length but even though the fabric is narrower the large godet B means that it is actually wider at the hem. The waist size is the same however, so the angle of the edge that forms the seam to the skirt front swings out a little wider also.
The bodice front and back are also the same as the ones in Project #6, including the tabs detailed for the front and back armhole. There is mention of collar pieces but they are not detailed in the pattern, so I'll reuse the pattern pieces I developed in previous projects. I'll also add the missing sleeve point pieces to make up the sleeves.
I think if you compare the finished gown with the portraits above you can see how extravagant this gown could be as a high status garment with trims and embroideries added, or as a more sombre garment with comparatively fewer embellishments.
I dressed the mannequin with the underskirt, fartingale, kirtle and doublet from previous projects, with the gown over the top of it all. I left the skirt open to show the layer underneath, but in reality it seems that Spanish ladies pretty much always wore the fronts closed. Some portraits also seem to show a row of ties or closures down the curving back of the sleeve, whether functional or purely decorative I'm not sure. I pinned the bottom wrist section of each sleeve to the doublet underneath, slightly up the sleeve in the manner shown above, which further opens out the flare of the front opening.
I'm pleased with the end result and I think the sleeves give a lovely alternative and dramatic effect when compared to the similar gown in Project #6.
My lovely friends clubbed together and bought me a half sized male mannequin for my birthday earlier this month, and have informed me that it has arrived from the U.S. at the same time that I am finishing up with the women's patterns in the book. Yay! So the next project will be the start of the men's patterns, and then once I have worked through those I will go back and see if there are any interesting or curious variations of the garments I have already made that are worth looking at.
This pattern is one of a small collection of 6 patterns in the book which are all laid out for the narrow silk fabric but because of the size of the garments are very wide patterns. In order to fit these on the page they have been presented on a double width fold out page, 3 to a side. The scale of the drawings is also a little smaller than the other patterns in the book, and the pages show some damage with folds and tears. Unlike the other patterns in the book they have had minimal cleaning up to make them legible.
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| The Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia, by Federico de Llano. |
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| Isabella of Valois, by Sofonisba Anguissola. |
Fabric
Alcega states that this garment requires a length of silk fabric 18 2/3 ells long x 2/3 of an ell wide, or 15m 68cm (approx 51' 5 1/4") long x 56cm (approx 22") wide. The fabric is folded crosswise, so the full width of the fabric is used.
Some mathematics and dimensions
Read from left to right the pattern pieces are the skirt front, godet A for the skirt front, godet B for the skirt back, the bodice back, the skirt back, the front side of each sleeve, the back pointed section of each sleeve and the bodice front. The bodice back and fronts are a little hard to see (especially as the front is disappearing into the spine of the book).
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| F1.6 pattern as presented in the book. |
I did some minimal tidying up of the pattern a little in photo editing software to try and make it as clear as possible, removing some of the fold marks and drawing in a line over the tear. A few of the codes used to show the sizing are quite hard to read, but can be extrapolated.
 |
| F1.6 pattern cleaned up a little. |
Many of the pattern pieces are the same size as in Project #6.
The skirt:
The front of the skirt on the left in the pattern is "bm" or 126cm (approx 4' 1 1/2") long, with a waist of "t" or 28cm (approx 11"). The bottom hem is shown as "b", 1 full ell wide or 84cm (approx 33"). The fabric is only 56cm (approx 22") wide, which means that the bottom edge of godet A must be "t" or 1/3 ell, 28cm (approx 11") wide.
The back skirt waist is "m" or 42cm (approx 16 1/2"), and the full width of the back piece at the hem is achieved with a side piecing godet B, which also takes the full width of the fabric. The back length of the train is "bbb" or 3 ells in total, 252cm (approx 8' 3 1/4") from waist to hem. As the fabric is folded crosswise, there is no centre back or centre front fold and so a seam runs down the centre back of the skirt.
The bodice:
The bodice front and back are tough to see but appear to be identical in dimensions and shape to the doublet from Project #6. The bodice front is "QQQ" or 63cm (approx 2' 1") long, the side seam is "Q" or 21cm long (approx 8 1/4"), and both the shoulder seam and the front neck opening run off the edge of the pattern into the spine of the book but are most likely both "s" or 14cm (approx 5 1/2"). The back waist is also shown as "s", and although the shoulder and back neck opening aren't labelled they are most likely "s" or 14cm (approx 5 1/2") and for the shoulder and "o" or 10.5cm (just over 4") for the back neck opening. (Instead there is one dimension given for the total width across the upper back, "Q" or 21cm long (approx 8 1/4") wide, which is consistent with the other patterns.)
The back length is shown as "m" or 42cm (approx 1' 4 1/2"), and although there is no side seam dimension given on the back, it must be "Q" also in order to match the side seam on the bodice front. There is no specific measurement given for the arm hole, but as in the other doublet and bodice patterns, it can't be larger than the sleeve head or the sleeve will not fit. It is very difficult to see because a fold line runs through the middle of them, but it is also clear from the armhole of the doublet back that there are 8 tabs detailed for the armhole as in Project #6.
The collar:
There is specific mention of cutting the collar from the excess fabric, so although it is not shown in the pattern I'll use the same collar pieces from Project #6.
The sleeves:
Each sleeve is made up of 4 pieces, 2 pieces of each sleeve are detailed in the pattern layout and are cut double as the fabric is folded crosswise. The sleeve head (where it attaches to the armhole) is shown as "Q" or 21cm (approx 8 1/4"). Doubled this makes the sleeve head "m" or 42cm (approx 16 1/2"), the same size as the other sleeves in the previous projects. The front sleeve length from armhole to wrist is "QQQ" or 63cm (approx 2' 1") long, the same as the sleeves in the silk doublet. The sleeves are made up with a godet, godet C. The front edge of the sleeve, from the wrist to the bottom of the point on godet C is "bm" or 126cm (approx 4' 1 1/2") and the back curving edge is "bQQQ" to the point, or 147cm (just under 4' 10").
Developing the pattern
The most unusual and dramatic feature of this gown is the sleeves. I was scratching my head at first as to how they went together, but when you consider the 4 pieces of each sleeve it becomes a little clearer.
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| The 4 pieces of each sleeve in detail. Click to enlarge. |
I decided to draft the sleeve first and draw one half of it out on a single piece of paper to check the dimensions and curves. One thing I discovered was that unless I changed the angle of the sleeve dramatically from the pattern, I actually couldn't fit the front and back dimensions of "bm" and "bQQQ" on the double width of the fabric.
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| Sleeve pattern draft. The black lines represent fabric widths. Click to enlarge. |
However, if I continued the front and back edges out slightly further past 2 fabric widths, and drew the sleeve back with a smoother curve, then I could accommodate all the dimensions exactly as written in the pattern. I think there is a small piecing required on the far right which has been omitted from the pattern, and it makes up the sharp point of the sleeve. It also explains why the point of the sleeve looks so cut off in the original pattern above.
The Mystery of the Missing Sleeve Point.
Once I had drafted the sleeves I moved on to the other pattern pieces.
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| Finished pattern layout. Click to enlarge. |
The skirt front is the same as the skirt front in Project #6 and Project #7, with adjustment for the narrower silk fabric. The skirt back is almost the same as the one in Project #6, it's the same length but even though the fabric is narrower the large godet B means that it is actually wider at the hem. The waist size is the same however, so the angle of the edge that forms the seam to the skirt front swings out a little wider also.
The bodice front and back are also the same as the ones in Project #6, including the tabs detailed for the front and back armhole. There is mention of collar pieces but they are not detailed in the pattern, so I'll reuse the pattern pieces I developed in previous projects. I'll also add the missing sleeve point pieces to make up the sleeves.
Putting it together
I made up each sleeve in two halves first, sewing the small point piece to the middle piece of the three pieces, and then sewing them to the piece that makes up the front side of the sleeve.
This sleeve has a large opening from armhole to cuff, so once I had made up all four pieces for the two sleeves I joined them in pairs along the curving back of the sleeve first. I then just joined the front in two small sections, at the top near the sleeve head and at the bottom near the wrist. Once I had done that I neatened the front edges by turning them under and sewing them down, although if I was making this as a full size garment this sleeve would have a lining and the raw front edges would be dealt with by folding under and having the lining attached.
I then made up the bodice in the same manner as the previous projects, sewing the fronts to the back piece by sewing up the side seams and then sewing closed the shoulder seams. I then made up the 4 pieces of the collar, and carefully matched the seams to the centre back and shoulder seams before sewing it on. I then turned under the front and bottom edges of the bodice and sewed them down to neaten.
In Project #6 I had made up the similar style of garment by attaching the skirt to a separate waistband, and making the bodice separately. I decided to use the alternate approach here and attach the skirt and bodice in this version, so it is one large garment that opens entirely down the centre front. I personally think a garment like this makes more sense as a bodice and skirt that are separate, but worn together. In terms of dressing, storing and cleaning the garments it just makes a lot more practical sense to me. I present this version as an alternative, but if making this up full sized I would opt for two separate pieces.
I then applied the sleeves to the bodice, making sure that the front opening of the sleeve was roughly about mid way between the bust and the shoulder seam, so that the sleeve opening would be placed at the front of the arm. This then placed the back curve of the sleeve at about shoulder blade level on the back of the armhole which seemed perfect. It's worth noting that there is minimal shaping in the sleeve head (and both sleeves are interchangeable) so although the finished result looks fine and would give fantastic freedom of movement, you do end up with some folds and extra fabric under the armpit that does not happen with the shaping in modern sleeves.
Oops. It wasn't until I had finished the entire garment and dressed the mannequin that I realised I had totally forgotten the sleeve tabs for the armholes. They aren't a major construction point, but for more detail on how they look and are applied please have a look at Project #6.
I then made up the front skirt panels by attaching godet A, and made up the back skirt by attaching the large godet B to each half of the skirt back and then sewing the centre back seam closed. I then attached the skirt fronts to the back along the side seams, and turned under and finished the front edges of the skirt front.
As I will be attaching the skirt to the bodice, I turned under the seam allowance of the waist and cartridge pleated the entire back before attaching it. I measured the flat skirt fronts on the mannequin and started pleating at a point on the skirt front where the hip was, all the way across the back to the same point on the other side. I then attached the skirt to the bodice, and I found the easiest way to do this was to overlap the bodice fronts onto the skirt fronts, and match the front opening edges of both, before drawing up the pleats and attaching the cartridge pleated section first.
Clunky to describe, but the end result is that the skirt edge and bodice edge are sewn together across the back from hip to hip, and the skirt fronts are tacked in place underneath the bodice point and sewn down firmly along the front opening. As I said, probably best to make this as a two piece garment, but there is historical precedent in existing garments for the excess fabric of the skirt fronts being left tacked in place behind the bodice fronts like this.
I made up each sleeve in two halves first, sewing the small point piece to the middle piece of the three pieces, and then sewing them to the piece that makes up the front side of the sleeve.
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| Completed sleeve detail, with seams highlighted. Click to enlarge. |
This sleeve has a large opening from armhole to cuff, so once I had made up all four pieces for the two sleeves I joined them in pairs along the curving back of the sleeve first. I then just joined the front in two small sections, at the top near the sleeve head and at the bottom near the wrist. Once I had done that I neatened the front edges by turning them under and sewing them down, although if I was making this as a full size garment this sleeve would have a lining and the raw front edges would be dealt with by folding under and having the lining attached.
I then made up the bodice in the same manner as the previous projects, sewing the fronts to the back piece by sewing up the side seams and then sewing closed the shoulder seams. I then made up the 4 pieces of the collar, and carefully matched the seams to the centre back and shoulder seams before sewing it on. I then turned under the front and bottom edges of the bodice and sewed them down to neaten.
In Project #6 I had made up the similar style of garment by attaching the skirt to a separate waistband, and making the bodice separately. I decided to use the alternate approach here and attach the skirt and bodice in this version, so it is one large garment that opens entirely down the centre front. I personally think a garment like this makes more sense as a bodice and skirt that are separate, but worn together. In terms of dressing, storing and cleaning the garments it just makes a lot more practical sense to me. I present this version as an alternative, but if making this up full sized I would opt for two separate pieces.
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| The completed gown. Click to enlarge. |
I then applied the sleeves to the bodice, making sure that the front opening of the sleeve was roughly about mid way between the bust and the shoulder seam, so that the sleeve opening would be placed at the front of the arm. This then placed the back curve of the sleeve at about shoulder blade level on the back of the armhole which seemed perfect. It's worth noting that there is minimal shaping in the sleeve head (and both sleeves are interchangeable) so although the finished result looks fine and would give fantastic freedom of movement, you do end up with some folds and extra fabric under the armpit that does not happen with the shaping in modern sleeves.
Oops. It wasn't until I had finished the entire garment and dressed the mannequin that I realised I had totally forgotten the sleeve tabs for the armholes. They aren't a major construction point, but for more detail on how they look and are applied please have a look at Project #6.
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| Completed back view. Click to enlarge. |
I then made up the front skirt panels by attaching godet A, and made up the back skirt by attaching the large godet B to each half of the skirt back and then sewing the centre back seam closed. I then attached the skirt fronts to the back along the side seams, and turned under and finished the front edges of the skirt front.
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| Skirt detail, with godets highlighted. Click to enlarge. |
As I will be attaching the skirt to the bodice, I turned under the seam allowance of the waist and cartridge pleated the entire back before attaching it. I measured the flat skirt fronts on the mannequin and started pleating at a point on the skirt front where the hip was, all the way across the back to the same point on the other side. I then attached the skirt to the bodice, and I found the easiest way to do this was to overlap the bodice fronts onto the skirt fronts, and match the front opening edges of both, before drawing up the pleats and attaching the cartridge pleated section first.
Clunky to describe, but the end result is that the skirt edge and bodice edge are sewn together across the back from hip to hip, and the skirt fronts are tacked in place underneath the bodice point and sewn down firmly along the front opening. As I said, probably best to make this as a two piece garment, but there is historical precedent in existing garments for the excess fabric of the skirt fronts being left tacked in place behind the bodice fronts like this.
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| Completed gown, side view. Click to enlarge. |
I think if you compare the finished gown with the portraits above you can see how extravagant this gown could be as a high status garment with trims and embroideries added, or as a more sombre garment with comparatively fewer embellishments.
I dressed the mannequin with the underskirt, fartingale, kirtle and doublet from previous projects, with the gown over the top of it all. I left the skirt open to show the layer underneath, but in reality it seems that Spanish ladies pretty much always wore the fronts closed. Some portraits also seem to show a row of ties or closures down the curving back of the sleeve, whether functional or purely decorative I'm not sure. I pinned the bottom wrist section of each sleeve to the doublet underneath, slightly up the sleeve in the manner shown above, which further opens out the flare of the front opening.
I'm pleased with the end result and I think the sleeves give a lovely alternative and dramatic effect when compared to the similar gown in Project #6.
My lovely friends clubbed together and bought me a half sized male mannequin for my birthday earlier this month, and have informed me that it has arrived from the U.S. at the same time that I am finishing up with the women's patterns in the book. Yay! So the next project will be the start of the men's patterns, and then once I have worked through those I will go back and see if there are any interesting or curious variations of the garments I have already made that are worth looking at.
Tuesday 16 September 2014
Another Version of Project #6?
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| The completed recreation from Project #6. |
At the time I made the garment in Project #6 I was struggling to find other variations of the sleeve of this garment other than the horizontal opening I used above, but I felt like I had seen it worn with a vertical opening.
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| Lettice Knollys as Countess of Leicester, c. 1585 by George Gower |
Well although it is styled a little differently this certainly seems like the same type of garment to me. (Only in this instance it is worn by an English lady of the court Laetitia "Lettice" Knollys, Countess of Essex and Countess of Leicester.)
Tight fitting, low point fronted bodice - check. Tabs at the arm holes - check. Front opening over skirt - check.
The sleeve certainly seems to be of the same size and volume as the example I recreated, but made with a vertical opening from the sleeve head almost to the wrist, instead of the horizontal opening. As in my example the sleeve is slightly longer than the under doublet sleeve, and you can see that in the unusual way Lettice wears one arm in the sleeve and one arm placed through the opening. When worn with the arm inside the sleeve the opening bulges and flares outwards slightly due to the extra length, and the other sleeve hangs slightly longer than the voluminous sleeves of the garment underneath.
The other stylistic difference is that the skirt is worn open to reveal the kirtle underneath, which is not generally seen on Spanish ladies.
What do you think? It certainly seems like the same garment to me...
Wednesday 10 September 2014
Project #9. F.73 - "Mantle of serge"
The next pattern I'm tackling is a simple over garment for women referred to as a "Manto" or mantle, which takes the form of a simple semi-circular to semi-elliptical wrap. It is an extremely simple garment, but I'll also have a look at the pattern layouts for the other variations because the various methods of piecing the mantles is interesting and somewhat confusing at first glance.
The Manto seems to be a type of external garment that performs a largely functional rather than decorative purpose, and is described elsewhere as "...the upper garment of a woman in Spaine, covering the head and body, much like a Dutch woman's huke.". Similar garments also show up outside of Spain, and generally take the form of a voluminous wrap which protects the wearer from weather, dirt and no doubt the prying eyes of strangers.
There is a wonderful collection of costume images in the volume "Kostüme und Sittenbilder des 16. Jahrhunderts aus West- und Osteuropa, Orient, der Neuen Welt und Afrika" [Trans: Costumes and manners images of the 16th century in Western and Eastern Europe , the Orient, the New World and Africa] in the Bavarian State Library the "Bayerische Staats Bibliothek".
In the section regarding Spain, a woman is shown (above) travelling on horseback wearing a wrap such as this, with a hat both holding the head covering portion in place and shading her face. These mantles seem to have been reserved for outdoors use, either for travelling (as above) or for being out and about in the city.
I'll be recreating F.73 which is the second of the Manto patterns in the book. I will however have a look at the fabric and cutting method for all of the Mantos because as I mentioned previously I think the layout diagrams are quite confusing at first glance.
The cutting diagram is a lot more complex with curves heading off in a number of directions. Each curve read from right to left relates to the subsequent folds and cuts required. Then each layer is opened out and assembled like this:
There is a somewhat cryptic comment in the translation for the first Manto in the book that refers to using the excess to construct ties (or bands?). Presumably this might mean a few ties which could be used to tie closed the front edge of the Manto like a cloak, but really I'm speculating.
Putting it together
This is a very easy sew, completed with just a few seams and some hemming. I first sewed the godet piece to the curving back section, then attached this to the unfolded front piece with a single straight seam. Once this was attached it was a simple process to hem all around the Manto and it was done.
So, not the most complex or photogenic garment. Let's just state that upfront, shall we?
My mannequin lacks a head, so I folded the front edge under a little and tried draping it on the dummy as if it was being held closed around the shoulders. The length is sufficient however to drape over the head and still just clear the ground.
There you have it. Made up in a dark wool or silk this garment would be useful in keeping the wearer warm, dry and free from dirt. It could also be possible that it had a role in preserving the modesty of the wearer when out of doors, and possibly even acted as a form of security, obscuring the jewels, purse and any sumptuous garments of middle class of high status women when travelling.
The Manto seems to be a type of external garment that performs a largely functional rather than decorative purpose, and is described elsewhere as "...the upper garment of a woman in Spaine, covering the head and body, much like a Dutch woman's huke.". Similar garments also show up outside of Spain, and generally take the form of a voluminous wrap which protects the wearer from weather, dirt and no doubt the prying eyes of strangers.
There is a wonderful collection of costume images in the volume "Kostüme und Sittenbilder des 16. Jahrhunderts aus West- und Osteuropa, Orient, der Neuen Welt und Afrika" [Trans: Costumes and manners images of the 16th century in Western and Eastern Europe , the Orient, the New World and Africa] in the Bavarian State Library the "Bayerische Staats Bibliothek".
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| Trachten für Stände und Bräuche in Spanien [Costumes for objects and customs in Spain] |
In the section regarding Spain, a woman is shown (above) travelling on horseback wearing a wrap such as this, with a hat both holding the head covering portion in place and shading her face. These mantles seem to have been reserved for outdoors use, either for travelling (as above) or for being out and about in the city.
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| Tracht der Frauen verschiedener Stände in Städten und Regionen Italiens, Frankreichs, Englands, aus Flandern, den Niederlanden und Brabant [Costume of women of different classes in cities and regions of Italy, France, England, Flanders, the Netherlands and Brabant] |
The image above is not of a Spanish lady and her companions, but is one of the examples that shows a similar wrap in use in the section of the book covering Italy, France, England, Flanders and the Netherlands.
The variations in Alcega's pattern book vary primarily in the fabric types and finished sizes, and the layouts required to fit those various sizes on the diverse fabric widths. Initially I thought these might be transparent veils, but the fabrics specified are serge (a twilled woollen material), kersey (a wool fabric) and silk. Which would seem to reinforce that these are protective garments used as a cover up.
Although there are a number of sizes shown for the various fabric types, there is mention of drafting the pattern to suit the wearer's height in the descriptions. I would assume that the reason there are so many variations of the garment in the book is because the method of folding and cutting the strips, and the lengths of fabric required, gets quite complicated in the larger sizes cut from the narrower fabric.
Although there are a number of sizes shown for the various fabric types, there is mention of drafting the pattern to suit the wearer's height in the descriptions. I would assume that the reason there are so many variations of the garment in the book is because the method of folding and cutting the strips, and the lengths of fabric required, gets quite complicated in the larger sizes cut from the narrower fabric.
I'll be recreating F.73 which is the second of the Manto patterns in the book. I will however have a look at the fabric and cutting method for all of the Mantos because as I mentioned previously I think the layout diagrams are quite confusing at first glance.
Fabric
F.72a & F.73 - "Mantle of serge".
Both of these versions use fabric that is "bt" or 1 1/3 ells wide, or 112cm (approx 3' 8 1/8") wide, but vary slightly in length. F.72a uses 7 ells, or 588cm (approx 19' 3 1/2"), and F.73 is a little longer and uses 7 1/3 ells, or 616cm (approx 20' 2 1/2") in length.
In both cases the fabric is laid out unfolded, and then the left is folded cross ways to the length of the front section, so that the left hand pattern piece is cut double along the left side fold, and the back section and any godets are cut as a single thickness. (F.72 requires a godet, but it is not shown in the diagram.)
In both cases the fabric is laid out unfolded, and then the left is folded cross ways to the length of the front section, so that the left hand pattern piece is cut double along the left side fold, and the back section and any godets are cut as a single thickness. (F.72 requires a godet, but it is not shown in the diagram.)
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| F.72a. Click to enlarge |
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| F.73. Click to enlarge. |
F.73a - "Mantle of kersey for a woman".
This pattern is almost identical to those above, but uses a fabric "bQ" wide, being 1 1/4 ells wide, or 105cm (approx 3' 5 3/8") wide x 7 ells, or 588cm (approx 19' 3 1/2") in length.
The fabric is folded partially over on the left to be cut double in the same manner as above.
The fabric is folded partially over on the left to be cut double in the same manner as above.
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| F.73a. Click to enlarge. |
F.74, F.74a & F.75 - "Mantle of silk for a woman".
All three of these versions of the Manto are various widths and lengths, and all use silk fabric that is "tt" wide, being 2/3 of an ell or 56cm (approx 22") wide. F.74 is the largest and requires a length of fabric 14 1/2 ells long, or 1218cm (just under 40') long. F.74a is a smaller size and requires a length of fabric 13 ells long, or 1092cm (just under 35' 10") long. F.75 is the smallest of the three and requires a length of fabric 8 2/3 ells long, or 728cm (approx 23' 10 1/2") long.
The manner of cutting these versions is very different for the other Mantos above. The fabric is cut as 4 strips. The fabric is first laid flat, and then the folded over from the left to the size of the longest length and cut. Then the fabric is refolded and cut to the size of the next length, with the curve heading in the opposite direction. This process is repeated until the smallest layer is cut.
(This may make more sense in the diagram below.)
(This may make more sense in the diagram below.)
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| F.74. Note: the diagram is printed upside down. Click to enlarge. |
(Note: the diagram in F.74 has been printed upside down. The curving hem should be on the right, and the fold on the left.)
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| F.74a. Click to enlarge. |
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| F.75. Click to enlarge. |
F.75a - "Mantle of silk for a girl"
This version also uses silk fabric that is 2/3 of an ell, or 56cm (approx 22") wide x 7 2/3 ells, or 644cm (approx 21' 1 1/2") long.
This smallest version is made up of 3 strips instead of 4, cut in the same manner as the 3 versions above.
This smallest version is made up of 3 strips instead of 4, cut in the same manner as the 3 versions above.
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| F.75a. Click to enlarge. |
Some mathematics and dimensions
In all versions of the patterns the Manto is assembled in a number of strips, from 2 up to 4 in most of the silk layouts. The width of the straight front edge is achieved by folding the fabric to the required dimension, and the length of the Manto from the front to the back of the curving hem is a combination of the fabric width x the number of strips required.
In the diagram for F.72a we know the fabric width is "bt" or 1 1/3 ells wide, yet the vertical dimensions on the left are shown as "bbm" or 2 1/2 ells. It then becomes clear that "bbm" refers to the total finished length of the Manto. The curved back section must be a little short of the full width of the fabric and when sewn to the back of the front strip will make the full "bbm" length. (There is also clearly a small godet required for this pattern that has not been detailed in the pattern.)
The end result is not quite a semi circle as it is "bbbb" or 336cm (approx 11') wide, and the length from the front straight edge to the back of the curving hem is 210cm (approx 6' 10 3/4").
By contrast, the Manto in F.74 uses 4 strips and the end result is 315cm (approx 10' 4") wide, and 224cm (approx 7' 4 1/4") long from front to back, so slightly more elliptical.
By contrast, the Manto in F.74 uses 4 strips and the end result is 315cm (approx 10' 4") wide, and 224cm (approx 7' 4 1/4") long from front to back, so slightly more elliptical.
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| F.74 folding and cutting detail. |
The cutting diagram is a lot more complex with curves heading off in a number of directions. Each curve read from right to left relates to the subsequent folds and cuts required. Then each layer is opened out and assembled like this:
4 straight seams. Easy peasy.
Developing the pattern
The pattern for F.73 is a fairly simple thing to draft, and the only watch point is to make sure that the curves are continuous and line up nicely. It's a little easier to do that if you are drafting on paper because you can move the pieces around, however if you are drawing directly onto the fabric with soap as Alcega's contemporaries did, then presumably sketching in each curve first would make the process somewhat easier.
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| F.73 pattern pieces. Click to enlarge. |
There is a somewhat cryptic comment in the translation for the first Manto in the book that refers to using the excess to construct ties (or bands?). Presumably this might mean a few ties which could be used to tie closed the front edge of the Manto like a cloak, but really I'm speculating.
Putting it together
This is a very easy sew, completed with just a few seams and some hemming. I first sewed the godet piece to the curving back section, then attached this to the unfolded front piece with a single straight seam. Once this was attached it was a simple process to hem all around the Manto and it was done.
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| The completed F.73 Manto front. Click to enlarge. |
So, not the most complex or photogenic garment. Let's just state that upfront, shall we?
My mannequin lacks a head, so I folded the front edge under a little and tried draping it on the dummy as if it was being held closed around the shoulders. The length is sufficient however to drape over the head and still just clear the ground.
 |
| Completed F.73 Manto side, showing the godet. Click to enlarge. |
There you have it. Made up in a dark wool or silk this garment would be useful in keeping the wearer warm, dry and free from dirt. It could also be possible that it had a role in preserving the modesty of the wearer when out of doors, and possibly even acted as a form of security, obscuring the jewels, purse and any sumptuous garments of middle class of high status women when travelling.
Next I'll be tackling a garment from the large fold out section of the book, F1.6 the "Women's silk skirt and bodice with full length pointed sleeves". The pattern as presented in the book is a little degraded and has what appears to be a tear through the middle, but should be clear enough to use.
With that I'm getting close to the end of the women't patterns in the book, and then it'll be time to start tackling the men's patterns. I was pleasantly surprised at my birthday party last week to find that a bunch of my wonderful friends have collectively ordered a half sized male form from the US for me as a gift. That should arrive sometime in the next few weeks, around about the time I'll be finishing the last of the women's patterns. Perfect timing!
With that I'm getting close to the end of the women't patterns in the book, and then it'll be time to start tackling the men's patterns. I was pleasantly surprised at my birthday party last week to find that a bunch of my wonderful friends have collectively ordered a half sized male form from the US for me as a gift. That should arrive sometime in the next few weeks, around about the time I'll be finishing the last of the women's patterns. Perfect timing!
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